{"id":3569,"date":"2025-04-20T00:05:14","date_gmt":"2025-04-19T22:05:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/?p=3569"},"modified":"2025-04-16T09:03:27","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T07:03:27","slug":"graphic-novel-et-censure-sous-lere-trump","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/index.php\/2025\/04\/20\/graphic-novel-et-censure-sous-lere-trump\/","title":{"rendered":"Graphic novel et censure sous l\u2019\u00e8re Trump"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La guerre d\u00e9clar\u00e9e par l\u2019administration Trump \u00e0 la science, aux universit\u00e9s, \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence, et \u00e0 une culture qui, pr\u00e9tendument contamin\u00e9e par l\u2019id\u00e9ologie \u00ab woke \u00bb, ne penserait pas comme il faut, n\u2019\u00e9pargne pas le monde du livre. Bien entendu, la chasse aux \u00ab mauvais livres \u00bb a d\u00e9but\u00e9 bien avant le mandat de Trump 2. Il semble que ce soit justement tout de suite apr\u00e8s son premier mandat que des groupes de Blancs conservateurs et nationalistes aient commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019organiser localement pour faire pression, par des campagnes d\u2019intimidation, sur les biblioth\u00e8ques publiques et les \u00e9tablissements scolaires.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je lis dans <em>Le Monde<\/em> en date du 9 mars, sous la plume de Cl\u00e9mentine Goldszal, que \u00ab Pour la seule ann\u00e9e scolaire 2023-2024, l\u2019association Pen America (\u2026) a enregistr\u00e9 quelque 10\u00a0046<em>\u00a0<\/em>interdictions de livres dans les biblioth\u00e8ques scolaires du pays, contre vingt-cinq<em>\u00a0<\/em>tentatives d\u2019interdiction quatre ans auparavant. \u00bb Il va de soi que la ligne de l\u2019administration actuelle ne peut qu\u2019amplifier le mouvement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00ab Une nouvelle section s\u2019invite depuis plusieurs mois dans les rayonnages des librairies ind\u00e9pendantes am\u00e9ricaines \u00bb, \u00e9crit encore Cl\u00e9mentine Goldszal. \u00ab Souvent sobrement estampill\u00e9e\u00a0<em>banned books<\/em>\u00a0(\u00ab\u00a0livres bannis\u00a0\u00bb), elle contient des dizaines de titres, disponibles \u00e0 la vente mais interdits de diffusion dans les biblioth\u00e8ques et les \u00e9coles de certains \u00c9tats du pays. \u00bb Afin de d\u00e9noncer cette censure, d\u2019alerter l\u2019opinion et de marquer leur solidarit\u00e9 avec les auteurs concern\u00e9s, des libraires fran\u00e7ais font de m\u00eame. Ainsi L\u2019\u00c9cume des pages, boulevard Saint-Germain \u2013 pourtant propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de Vivendi, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire du groupe Bollor\u00e9 \u2013, rassemble-t-elle actuellement dans une vitrine des livres dont il est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 qu\u2019ils sont victimes d\u2019interdictions outre-Atlantique (dans le pays dont, il est bon de le rappeler, le premier amendement de la Constitution interdit notamment de porter atteinte \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de la presse).<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parmi les titres concern\u00e9s figurent les \u0153uvres de quelques-uns des plus grands noms de la litt\u00e9rature am\u00e9ricaine\u00a0: John Steinbeck, J.D. Salinger, Toni Morrisson, Philip Roth, Margaret Atwood ou encore Harper Lee. De m\u00eame, les bandes dessin\u00e9es mises en cause sont quelques-uns des romans graphiques les plus c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9s de notre temps\u00a0: <em>Watchmen<\/em>, de Moore et Gibbons, <em>Maus<\/em>, de Spiegelman, <em>Persepolis<\/em>, de Marjane Satrapi, <em>Blankets<\/em>, de Craig Thompson ou encore <em>Fun Home<\/em> d\u2019Alison Bechdel (on peut y ajouter <em>Culott\u00e9es<\/em> \u2013 <em>Brazen<\/em>, en version anglaise \u2013 de P\u00e9n\u00e9lope Bagieu). <em>Maus<\/em>, <em>Persepolis<\/em> et <em>Fun Home<\/em> sont aussi les \u0153uvres graphiques les plus \u00e9tudi\u00e9es dans les universit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines (pour <em>Maus<\/em>, dans trois d\u00e9partements diff\u00e9rents\u00a0: histoire, \u00e9tudes juives et litt\u00e9rature contemporaine). La notori\u00e9t\u00e9 internationale, les prix litt\u00e9raires, rien ne fait douter, trembler ou reculer les censeurs, pas m\u00eame la peur du ridicule.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload size-medium wp-image-3571 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Spiegelman-censure-195x300.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Spiegelman-censure-195x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"195\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27195%27%20height%3D%27300%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20195%20300%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27195%27%20height%3D%27300%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Spiegelman-censure-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Spiegelman-censure-200x308.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Spiegelman-censure-400x616.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Spiegelman-censure.jpg 485w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 195px) 100vw, 195px\" \/>Il y aurait, dans <em>Maus<\/em>, une case qui d\u00e9range\u00a0: celle o\u00f9 Spiegelman repr\u00e9sente, en amorce, le corps de sa m\u00e8re, nu dans une baignoire, apr\u00e8s qu\u2019elle se soit donn\u00e9e la mort. Pas dupe, le dessinateur voit dans l\u2019\u00e9vocation de cette image un pr\u00e9texte, persuad\u00e9 que \u00ab ce qui d\u00e9range [les censeurs] et les met mal \u00e0 l\u2019aise, c\u2019est le g\u00e9nocide. \u00bb Le puritanisme doit toutefois \u00eatre pris en consid\u00e9ration puisque, dans <em>Blankets,<\/em> la page litigieuse serait une sc\u00e8ne de masturbation. Naturellement, aucun des deux extraits que je viens d\u2019\u00e9voquer, et que je reproduis ici, ne peut \u00eatre jug\u00e9 probl\u00e9matique par un lecteur sain d\u2019esprit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On comprend plus facilement les raisons pour lesquelles <em>Fun Home<\/em>, comme toutes les \u0153uvres int\u00e9ressant la communaut\u00e9 LGBTQIA+, peut d\u00e9ranger les bien-pensants, qui ne craignent pas de qualifier l\u2019ouvrage de \u00ab pornographique \u00bb (On lira ici un historique des diff\u00e9rentes formes de censure ayant frapp\u00e9 le livre d\u2019Alison Bechdel\u00a0:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/library\/bannedbooks\/fun-home-a-family-tragicomic\/\">https:\/\/www.marshall.edu\/library\/bannedbooks\/fun-home-a-family-tragicomic\/<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interview\u00e9 par Vincent Brunner pour <em>Les Inrocks<\/em> (octobre 2024), Craig Thompson expliquait que, s\u2019agissant de <em>Habibi<\/em>, les attaques dont il a fait l\u2019objet tenaient \u00e0 l\u2019appropriation culturelle\u00a0: \u00ab \u00e9tant blanc et am\u00e9ricain, je n\u2019\u00e9tais pas qualifi\u00e9 pour \u00e9crire sur l\u2019Islam et avoir une femme non blanche comme protagoniste. J\u2019ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 recevoir des menaces de mort toutes les semaines. \u00bb<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3572\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3572\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-3572 size-fusion-400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/thompson-censure-400x657.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/thompson-censure-400x657.jpg\" alt=\"Craig Thompson se masturbant dans &quot;Blankets&quot;\" width=\"400\" height=\"657\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27657%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20400%20657%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27657%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/thompson-censure-183x300.jpg 183w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/thompson-censure-200x329.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/thompson-censure-400x657.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/thompson-censure-600x986.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/thompson-censure-623x1024.jpg 623w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/thompson-censure-768x1261.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/thompson-censure-800x1314.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/thompson-censure-935x1536.jpg 935w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/thompson-censure.jpg 1077w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3572\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00ab Blankets \u00bb, page 107 \u2014 \u00a9 Casterman<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce climat d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8re, qui prend chaque jour une tournure plus inqui\u00e9tante, \u00a0conduira n\u00e9cessairement certains auteurs \u00e0 s\u2019autocensurer et certains \u00e9diteurs \u00e0 ne plus oser publier le moindre ouvrage contenant une allusion \u00e0 la sexualit\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019identit\u00e9 de genre, aux minorit\u00e9s ou \u00e0 quelque sujet \u00ab sensible \u00bb que ce soit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour l\u2019heure, l\u2019Europe est encore \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s prot\u00e9g\u00e9e contre cette folie. Je rappellerai que Spiegelman, Bechdel, Gibbons, Bagieu et Satrapi \u00e9taient expos\u00e9s au Centre Pompidou en 2024\u00a0; et je suis heureux d\u2019annoncer ici que le Cartoonmuseum de B\u00e2le pr\u00e9sentera une grande r\u00e9trospective Bechdel \u00e0 partir du 5 juillet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La guerre d\u00e9clar\u00e9e par l\u2019administration Trump \u00e0 la science, aux universit\u00e9s, \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence, et \u00e0 une culture qui, pr\u00e9tendument contamin\u00e9e par l\u2019id\u00e9ologie \u00ab woke \u00bb, ne penserait pas comme il faut, n\u2019\u00e9pargne pas le monde du livre. Bien entendu, la chasse aux \u00ab mauvais livres \u00bb a d\u00e9but\u00e9 bien avant le mandat de Trump [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3573,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mon-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Graphic novel et censure sous l\u2019\u00e8re Trump - le site de Thierry Groensteen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/index.php\/2025\/04\/20\/graphic-novel-et-censure-sous-lere-trump\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Graphic novel et censure sous l\u2019\u00e8re Trump - le site de Thierry Groensteen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La guerre d\u00e9clar\u00e9e par l\u2019administration Trump \u00e0 la science, aux universit\u00e9s, \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence, et \u00e0 une culture qui, pr\u00e9tendument contamin\u00e9e par l\u2019id\u00e9ologie \u00ab woke \u00bb, ne penserait pas comme il faut, n\u2019\u00e9pargne pas le monde du livre. 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