{"id":3210,"date":"2024-09-27T00:05:28","date_gmt":"2024-09-26T22:05:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/?p=3210"},"modified":"2024-09-23T15:31:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T13:31:30","slug":"lheritage-topfferien-en-terre-britannique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/index.php\/2024\/09\/27\/lheritage-topfferien-en-terre-britannique\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019h\u00e9ritage t\u00f6pff\u00e9rien en terre britannique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dans le dernier livre publi\u00e9 par le regrett\u00e9 David Kunzle [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/02\/in-memoriam-david-kunzle\/\">https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/02\/in-memoriam-david-kunzle\/<\/a>], <em>Rebirth of the English Comic Strip. A kaleidoscope, 1847-1870<\/em> (University Press of Mississippi, 2021) est une mine de d\u00e9couvertes qui est, me semble-t-il, pass\u00e9e bien trop inaper\u00e7ue.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est par Thierry Smolderen que Kunzle avait eu l\u2019attention attir\u00e9e sur la richesse m\u00e9connue de la production anglaise de r\u00e9cits dessin\u00e9s au XIXe si\u00e8cle. \u00c0 la suite de quoi l\u2019historien britannique avait con\u00e7u le projet de cette \u00e9tude r\u00e9parant les lacunes de sa monumentale <em>History of the Comic Strip<\/em>, dont le volume sur le si\u00e8cle de T\u00f6pffer se focalisait principalement sur les artistes francophones et allemands.<\/p>\n<p><em>Rebirth of the English Comic Strip<\/em> ressuscite une foule de cr\u00e9ations graphiques originales, par exemple les aventures de Peter Piper en Inde par John Tenniel (l\u2019illustrateur d\u2019<em>Alice au pays des merveilles<\/em>), et d\u2019\u00e9tonnantes planches de t\u00e9ratologie animale par George du Maurier. On d\u00e9couvre que la formule du cycle de gravures fa\u00e7on Hogarth n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 abandonn\u00e9e apr\u00e8s les histoires en estampes t\u00f6pff\u00e9riennes, puisque Cruikshank en produit un nouveau l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivant le d\u00e9c\u00e8s du Genevois (<em>The Bottle<\/em>). Et l\u2019on apprend que la toute premi\u00e8re bande dessin\u00e9e publi\u00e9e dans <em>Punch<\/em> fut, en janvier 1848, une parodie de la tapisserie de Bayeux, dessin\u00e9e par Richard Doyle dans un style pseudo m\u00e9di\u00e9val\u00a0: <em>Our Barry-eux Tapestry.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mais la principale r\u00e9v\u00e9lation apport\u00e9e par Kunzle est l\u2019existence d\u2019un mensuel illustr\u00e9 \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8re (1847-1849) intitul\u00e9 <em>The Man in the Moon<\/em>. Dans un si\u00e8cle domin\u00e9 par <em>Punch<\/em>, <em>Judy<\/em> et <em>Fun<\/em>, ce titre \u00e9tait tomb\u00e9 dans l\u2019oubli alors qu\u2019il a publi\u00e9 plusieurs r\u00e9cits en images du plus grand int\u00e9r\u00eat. Le Fran\u00e7ais Cham y a particip\u00e9, mais c\u2019est le duo constitu\u00e9 par Albert Richard Smith (romancier \u00e0 succ\u00e8s, et co-r\u00e9dacteur en chef du magazine) et Henry George Hine, peintre de paysages \u2013 n\u00e9s respectivement en 1816 et 1811 \u2013 qui a laiss\u00e9 l\u2019empreinte la plus forte. Ils furent les auteurs de plusieurs BD en collaboration, dont la plus significative, publi\u00e9e en neuf livraisons dans les num\u00e9ros d\u2019avril \u00e0 d\u00e9cembre 1847, avait pour titre <em>Mr Crindle\u2019s rapid career upon town. <\/em>Elle est int\u00e9gralement reproduite dans l\u2019ouvrage de Kunzle (pages 57 \u00e0 65), qui ne montre malheureusement pas comment ces planches horizontales, constitu\u00e9es de deux bandes superpos\u00e9es, s\u2019ins\u00e9raient dans la maquette du <em>Man in the Moon.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3214\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3214\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-3214 size-fusion-800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1-800x534.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Smith &amp; Hine, &quot;Mr Crindle&quot;\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27534%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20800%20534%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27534%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1-200x134.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-1.jpg 1818w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3214\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Mr Crindle&rsquo;s rapid career upon town\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9pisode 1<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Le r\u00e9cit en lui-m\u00eame ne pr\u00e9sente que peu d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat\u00a0: c\u2019est une suite \u00e9chevel\u00e9e de m\u00e9saventures invraisemblables subies par un personnage infatu\u00e9 et maladroit. Au bout du compte, il ne s\u2019agissait que d\u2019un r\u00eave, et M. Crindle est rendu \u00e0 ses \u00e9tudes de droit, au terme desquelles il devient avocat, se marie et a beaucoup d\u2019enfants. Ce qui retient l\u2019attention, comme n\u2019a pas manqu\u00e9 de le souligner Kunzle, c\u2019est la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de mise en sc\u00e8ne et des figures de style\u00a0: synecdoques, hyperboles, profondeur de champ, vues subjectives, vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des cadrages, etc.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la lecture, on constate que c\u2019est le texte qui reste aux commandes. Il peut se lire en continuit\u00e9, ind\u00e9pendamment des images. Fr\u00e9quemment une phrase est morcel\u00e9e en deux ou trois fragments, accompagn\u00e9s chacun d\u2019une illustration. Il est vraisemblable que Hine, le dessinateur, se soit empar\u00e9 du texte de Smith et ait lui-m\u00eame proc\u00e9d\u00e9 au d\u00e9coupage, en partant du principe que tout ce qui pouvait donner mati\u00e8re \u00e0 une image devait \u00eatre isol\u00e9 et histori\u00e9. C\u2019est ainsi que l\u2019on a une alternance de \u00ab plans \u00bb centr\u00e9s sur le protagoniste, repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 en pied conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la r\u00e8gle suivie par T\u00f6pffer, de quelques plans plus larges (maison vue en coupe dans le deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9pisode, promenade du parc vue en plong\u00e9e, de tr\u00e8s haut, dans le troisi\u00e8me\u2026) et, surtout, de plans rapproch\u00e9s isolant tel ou tel motif\u00a0: une bouche d\u2019\u00e9gout, un cruchon, un rasoir, une main, un cadran de montre, une porte\u2026, comme s\u2019il convenait de nous mettre sous les yeux tous les objets \u00e9voqu\u00e9s en mots.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3215\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3215\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-3215 size-fusion-800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-800x508.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-800x508.jpg\" alt=\"Smith &amp; Hine, &quot;Mr Crindle&quot;\" width=\"800\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27508%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20800%20508%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27508%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-200x127.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-320x202.jpg 320w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-400x254.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-600x381.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-768x488.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-800x508.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-1024x650.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-1200x762.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9-1536x975.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Crindle-planche-9.jpg 1892w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3215\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Mr Crindle&rsquo;s rapid career upon town\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9pisode 9<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Ce recours au gros plan, \u00e0 l\u2019insert isolant un motif, Cham fut le premier \u00e0 en user, et il n\u2019est pas douteux que Hine ait subi l\u2019influence du Fran\u00e7ais. (On trouve par exemple, dans l\u2019histoire de <em>Mr Barnab\u00e9 Gogo<\/em> (1841), une main tenant un dessin, un pot d\u2019eau et un morceau de pain \u00e9voquant le repas du prisonnier, une main tournant une cl\u00e9 dans une serrure, un pli cachet\u00e9 ou la pointe d\u2019un pinceau s\u2019approchant d\u2019une feuille pour y d\u00e9poser de l\u2019aquarelle). Mais, suivant une partition immuable, Cham divisait ses planches en deux cases de m\u00eames dimensions, de sorte que des d\u00e9tails tels que ceux que je viens d\u2019\u00e9num\u00e9rer se trouvaient flotter dans des cadres trop grands, \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u00e0 la dignit\u00e9 de moment narratif. tandis que Hine, lui, divise sa planche en une multitude de cadres de dimensions variables qui composent une sorte de mosa\u00efque. On n\u2019est pas encore dans une logique de montage pr\u00e9cin\u00e9matographique, o\u00f9 les plans auraient une valeur diff\u00e9rentielle, mais bien dans une conception du r\u00e9cit dessin\u00e9 qui ne conna\u00eet pas le vide et dans lequel (un peu \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re des syllabes d\u2019un r\u00e9bus) chaque \u00e9l\u00e9ment monte \u00e0 la surface \u00e0 point nomm\u00e9 pour \u00eatre mis sous les yeux du lecteur.<\/p>\n<p>Il faudrait une \u00e9tude d\u2019ensemble pour montrer comment l\u2019h\u00e9ritage t\u00f6pff\u00e9rien se ramifia et s\u2019enrichit tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9coc\u00e9ment, f\u00fbt-ce, parfois, pour explorer des voies sans issue.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans le dernier livre publi\u00e9 par le regrett\u00e9 David Kunzle [https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/02\/in-memoriam-david-kunzle\/], Rebirth of the English Comic Strip. A kaleidoscope, 1847-1870 (University Press of Mississippi, 2021) est une mine de d\u00e9couvertes qui est, me semble-t-il, pass\u00e9e bien trop inaper\u00e7ue. C\u2019est par Thierry Smolderen que Kunzle avait eu l\u2019attention attir\u00e9e sur la richesse m\u00e9connue de la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3213,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mon-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019h\u00e9ritage t\u00f6pff\u00e9rien en terre britannique - le site de Thierry Groensteen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/index.php\/2024\/09\/27\/lheritage-topfferien-en-terre-britannique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019h\u00e9ritage t\u00f6pff\u00e9rien en terre britannique - le site de Thierry Groensteen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans le dernier livre publi\u00e9 par le regrett\u00e9 David Kunzle [https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/index.php\/2024\/02\/02\/in-memoriam-david-kunzle\/], Rebirth of the English Comic Strip. A kaleidoscope, 1847-1870 (University Press of Mississippi, 2021) est une mine de d\u00e9couvertes qui est, me semble-t-il, pass\u00e9e bien trop inaper\u00e7ue. 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