{"id":3159,"date":"2024-08-28T00:05:57","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T22:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/?p=3159"},"modified":"2024-08-16T16:56:05","modified_gmt":"2024-08-16T14:56:05","slug":"tintin-maraboute","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/index.php\/2024\/08\/28\/tintin-maraboute\/","title":{"rendered":"Tintin marabout\u00e9 !"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Y aura-t-il un acte 3 dans le diff\u00e9rend entre les ayants-droits d\u2019Herg\u00e9 et le peintre breton Xavier Marabout\u00a0? Acquitt\u00e9 en premi\u00e8re instance, le 10 mai 2021, pour ses tableaux croisant les univers d\u2019Edward Hopper et du cr\u00e9ateur de Tintin (le reporter \u00e9tant introduit dans des \u0153uvres aussi c\u00e9l\u00e8bres que <em>Nighthawks<\/em>, <em>Summertime<\/em>, <em>Hotel Lobby<\/em>, <em>Summer Evening<\/em> ou encore <em>People in the Sun<\/em>), le contrefacteur a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 en appel le 4 juin 2024 par la cour de Rennes. Selon <em>Beaux-Arts Magazine<\/em>, il aimerait se pourvoir en cassation, \u00ab ce qui suppose d\u2019abord de payer l\u2019amende et d\u2019engager des frais de justice. N\u2019en ayant pas les moyens, il compte cr\u00e9er une cagnotte \u201cpour d\u00e9fendre la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et cette notion de parodie\u201d\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>En 2021, la chambre civile du tribunal judiciaire avait reconnu\u00a0<em>\u00ab\u00a0l&rsquo;exception de parodie \u00bb<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em>et<em>\u00a0<\/em><em>\u00ab l&rsquo;intention humoristique \u00bb<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em>du peintre Xavier Marabout.<em>\u00a0\u00ab L&rsquo;effet est constitu\u00e9 par l&rsquo;incongruit\u00e9 de la situation au regard de la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 suivie de la tristesse habituelle des \u0153uvres de Hopper et de l&rsquo;absence de pr\u00e9sence f\u00e9minine aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de Tintin <\/em><em>\u00bb<\/em>, estimait-il. Les toiles de Marabout montrent en effet le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre h\u00e9ros \u00e0 la houppette confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des femmes usant de leurs charmes, ou bien lisant le magazine gay <em>T\u00eatu<\/em>. \u00ab Il n&rsquo;y a aucun risque de confusion entre Marabout et Herg\u00e9 \u00bb, pr\u00e9cisait le tribunal, et c\u2019est, en effet, un point essentiel.<\/p>\n<p>Les conditions g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement retenues pour qu\u2019une parodie soit jug\u00e9e licite \u2013 ainsi que je l\u2019ai rappel\u00e9 dans mon ouvrage<em> Parodies. La bande dessin\u00e9e au second degr\u00e9<\/em>, Skira Flammarion, 2010 \u2013\u00a0sont\u00a0: l\u2019intention humoristique, ludique ou satirique, le fait qu\u2019il n\u2019y ait pas de possibilit\u00e9 de confondre la parodie avec l\u2019\u0153uvre originale, enfin l\u2019absence de volont\u00e9 de nuire ou de d\u00e9grader. Ce sont l\u00e0 les \u00ab lois du genre \u00bb telles qu\u2019elles se laissent d\u00e9duire de la jurisprudence, mais elles ne sont pas inscrites dans le droit national et europ\u00e9en. L\u2019exception de parodie invoqu\u00e9e est une exception \u00e0 la protection du droit d\u2019auteur.<\/p>\n<p>La chambre d\u2019Appel a estim\u00e9 que, dans le cas d\u2019esp\u00e8ce, \u00ab le seul fait d\u2019introduire (\u2026) des \u00e9l\u00e9ments puissants de sensualit\u00e9 ou disruptifs ne peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme proc\u00e9dant d\u2019une intention humoristique. \u00bb Pour ma part, les toiles de M. Marabout ne m\u2019arrachent pas un sourire\u00a0; quant \u00e0 leur dimension \u00ab disruptive \u00bb, elle est tout de m\u00eame tr\u00e8s att\u00e9nu\u00e9e par l\u2019abondance des parodies dont l\u2019\u0153uvre d\u2019Herg\u00e9 a d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait l\u2019objet (mon essai y consacrait un chapitre entier), nombre d\u2019entre elles ne s\u2019\u00e9tant pas priv\u00e9es de le politiser ou de le sexualiser. On serait m\u00eame enclin \u00e0 penser que tout d\u00e9tournement de cet ordre est d\u00e9sormais on ne peut plus convenu et constitue un clich\u00e9.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3170\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3170\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-3170 size-fusion-400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Marabout-2-400x225.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Marabout-2-400x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27225%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20400%20225%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27225%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Marabout-2-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Marabout-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Marabout-2-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Marabout-2-600x337.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Marabout-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Marabout-2-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Marabout-2.jpg 854w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3170\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Droits r\u00e9serv\u00e9s)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Mais les juges ont fond\u00e9 leur condamnation sur un autre crit\u00e8re\u00a0: selon eux, ces peintures \u00ab\u00a0empruntent les ressorts d\u2019\u0153uvres premi\u00e8res pour s\u2019attribuer le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de leur notori\u00e9t\u00e9 et vivre de leur rayonnement\u00a0\u00bb. De fait, avoir produit quelque 39\u00a0peintures \u00e0 l\u2019acrylique dans cette seule s\u00e9rie Hopper\/Herg\u00e9, et se f\u00e9liciter qu\u2019elles se \u00ab vendent tr\u00e8s bien \u00bb, cela sent \u00e0 plein nez le filon commercial. Au reste, M. Marabout n\u2019en est pas \u00e0 son coup d\u2019essai. Il a d\u00e9j\u00e0 hybrid\u00e9 Tex Avery et Picasso, introduit des super-h\u00e9ros dans des affiches de Mucha, d\u00e9tourn\u00e9 Disney, Bilal, Betty Boop et Buck Danny. Bref, tout son travail consiste \u00e0 parasiter le talent et la popularit\u00e9 des autres.<\/p>\n<p>Sur son site (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.art-marabout.com\/\">http:\/\/www.art-marabout.com<\/a>), il se r\u00e9clame du <em>mashup<\/em> pictural et du mouvement artistique baptis\u00e9 <em>Strip Art<\/em>. Le mashup est une notion emprunt\u00e9e au domaine musical\u00a0; elle d\u00e9signe le fait de coller ou de superposer des pistes musicales venant d\u2019autres compositions. Elle est d\u00e9sormais utilis\u00e9e dans la sph\u00e8re audiovisuelle, toujours pour d\u00e9signer des \u0153uvres compos\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de fragments pr\u00e9existants, le plus souvent emprunt\u00e9s \u00e0 la culture populaire, dans une logique de r\u00e9appropriation. En revanche, le mouvement Strip Art n\u2019a, \u00e0 ma connaissance, d\u2019autre existence que celle que M. Marabout feint de lui pr\u00eater.<\/p>\n<p>Quelle que soit l\u2019\u00e9tiquette pos\u00e9e sur les \u0153uvres, elle ne pr\u00e9juge \u00e9videmment pas de leur qualit\u00e9. Et celle-ci, dont l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation est subjective, n\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs pas ce qui doit \u00eatre jug\u00e9, tranch\u00e9 en droit.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que je me permettrai d\u2019avancer ici, c\u2019est que, lorsqu\u2019une \u0153uvre a atteint un certain seuil de notori\u00e9t\u00e9, plus aucune parodie ne saurait l\u2019\u00e9gratigner ni lui nuire en aucune mani\u00e8re. Tintin est LE classique par excellence de la bande dessin\u00e9e europ\u00e9enne, un mythe, une ic\u00f4ne culturelle. On peut l\u00e9gitimement s\u2019agacer de la d\u00e9marche ostensiblement mercantile d\u2019un artiste de deuxi\u00e8me ordre tel que Xavier Marabout et, en ce sens, comprendre les poursuites engag\u00e9es contre lui par Moulinsart (d\u00e9sormais Tintinimaginatio). Mais, en m\u00eame temps, \u00eatre bien persuad\u00e9 qu\u2019aucune citation, aucun d\u00e9tournement, aucune\u00a0parodie n\u2019ajoutera ni ne retranchera plus rien \u00e0 la gloire de Tintin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Y aura-t-il un acte 3 dans le diff\u00e9rend entre les ayants-droits d\u2019Herg\u00e9 et le peintre breton Xavier Marabout\u00a0? Acquitt\u00e9 en premi\u00e8re instance, le 10 mai 2021, pour ses tableaux croisant les univers d\u2019Edward Hopper et du cr\u00e9ateur de Tintin (le reporter \u00e9tant introduit dans des \u0153uvres aussi c\u00e9l\u00e8bres que Nighthawks, Summertime, Hotel Lobby, Summer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3172,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mon-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tintin marabout\u00e9 ! - le site de Thierry Groensteen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thierry-groensteen.fr\/index.php\/2024\/08\/28\/tintin-maraboute\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tintin marabout\u00e9 ! - le site de Thierry Groensteen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Y aura-t-il un acte 3 dans le diff\u00e9rend entre les ayants-droits d\u2019Herg\u00e9 et le peintre breton Xavier Marabout\u00a0? 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